Review Article
Pros and Cons of Different Irrigation Scheduling Approaches: A Review
Addisu Asefa*
,
Minda Tadesse
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
91-96
Received:
6 July 2024
Accepted:
21 October 2024
Published:
12 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.bio.20241206.11
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Abstract: Scheduling irrigation involves making a decision of how much water to apply and when. Three factors enter into the decision: water needs of the plants, water availability, and storing capacity of the soil around the roots. When to irrigate should be greatly influenced by water needs of the plants. Irrigation scheduling (IS) aims to give plants the right amount of water at the right times in order to promote plant growth and achieve high yield and/or quality. The four most popular ways of operating irrigation scheduling includes: evapotranspiration and water balance (ET-WB), soil moisture status, plant water status, and models based irrigation scheduling. When the four types of irrigation scheduling systems are thoroughly examined, it becomes clear that they are all centered on soil moisture, which serves as a link or bridge between crop water needed for growth and irrigation management). A few studies have been accomplished on pros and cons of different irrigation scheduling approaches. The purpose of this review was to provide some information on pros and cons of four selected irrigation scheduling methods, viz: evapotranspiration and water balance (ET-WB), soil moisture status, plant water status, and models based irrigation scheduling. When the four types of irrigation scheduling systems are thoroughly examined, it becomes clear that they are all centered on soil moisture, which serves as a link or bridge between crop water needed for growth and irrigation management. Plant-based techniques can need professional oversight since farmers may find it difficult to understand the tracked data, which reduces the dependability of irrigation. When built software or a procedure is based on a well-calibrated model, model-based methods are simpler for users. When compared to the soil moisture sample irrigation scheduling approach, the evapotranspiration losses irrigation scheduling method uses less irrigation water regardless of the minimal yield difference.
Abstract: Scheduling irrigation involves making a decision of how much water to apply and when. Three factors enter into the decision: water needs of the plants, water availability, and storing capacity of the soil around the roots. When to irrigate should be greatly influenced by water needs of the plants. Irrigation scheduling (IS) aims to give plants the ...
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Review Article
Probiotics Application in the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases and Enhancement of Efficacy Through Genetic Engineering
Betemariam Kebede*,
Adeba Tilahun
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
97-115
Received:
30 August 2024
Accepted:
7 November 2024
Published:
28 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.bio.20241206.12
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Abstract: The development of multidrug resistance in most pathogenic microorganisms and the rapidly increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases are becoming major health concerns worldwide. Among non-communicable diseases, autoimmune diseases are caused mainly by imbalances in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis). Gut microbiota colonization and immune system establishment started in the early years of life. A defect in the gut microbiota predominantly affects the proper functioning of immune cells. Hence, restoring gut dysbiosis has received considerable attention for the last few decades as a potential therapeutic option. In this regard, probiotics have been the focus of research during recent decades because of their safe history of use along with fermented foods and beverages. Currently, advanced research is being conducted on the use of probiotics as immunomodulatory mediators and for the amelioration of gut dysbiosis as therapeutic adjuncts in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In addition, probiotics are genetically engineered to enhance treatment efficacy and to develop live biotherapeutics (LBP). In this review, research articles summarizing findings in autoimmune disease treatment via probiotic strains, emphasizing type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Graves' disease, systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease in both clinical trials and animal models, were reviewed. Finally, promising results of genetic engineering of probiotics for use as biosensors, delivery of therapeutic proteins, and diagnosis of infections were reported.
Abstract: The development of multidrug resistance in most pathogenic microorganisms and the rapidly increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases are becoming major health concerns worldwide. Among non-communicable diseases, autoimmune diseases are caused mainly by imbalances in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis). Gut microbiota colonization and immune syst...
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Research Article
Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Selected Districts of South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Gemechis Biratu*,
Motuma Debelo,
Tadale Tolosa,
Walde Abdisa,
Moti Wagari,
Dasalegn Mardasa,
Dagne Guta,
Walde Abdisa
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 6, December 2024
Pages:
116-127
Received:
6 January 2024
Accepted:
6 November 2024
Published:
28 November 2024
DOI:
10.11648/j.bio.20241206.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Selected Districts of South West Shoa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
